The Wedding March

One of Theodore Robinson’s most important and complex paintings, The Wedding March demonstrates the maturation of his impressionist aesthetic. It commemorates the marriage of Suzanne Hoschedé, a stepdaughter of French painter Claude Monet (1840–1926), to American artist Theodore Butler on July 20, 1892, in the rural village of Giverny, in Normandy, France. Painted in the studio more than two weeks after the event, the work nonetheless captures the immediacy of the moment through figures in motion and brilliant color. Robinson pictures the wedding party striding along the sun-bleached lane from the salmon-colored mairie, or town hall, at upper right, where the civil ceremony took place, toward the unseen church of Sainte Radégonde for the religious service. In front of the procession is the bride in her white veil accompanied, most likely, by Butler in his top hat. The steep diagonals of the composition seem to impel the walkers toward the viewer with an energetic movement underscored by the billowing of the bride’s veil.

  Robinson and his friend Butler were among several American painters who were long-term residents of Giverny. They were drawn there in part by the reputation of Monet, a leader of the impressionist movement. Butler and other younger artists socialized with Monet’s children and stepchildren, while the somewhat older Robinson became a friend of the French painter himself. Indeed, during Robinson’s lengthy sojourns in Giverny between 1887 and 1892, the two artists often spoke about art. Robison gradually adopted and adapted impressionism, as in such works as The Wedding March, painted only a few months before his final departure from France. Robinson’s friendship with Monet was such that, when Monet at first objected to Suzanne’s marriage to Butler, Robinson was enlisted by Suzanne’s mother, Alice, to help reconcile him to the match. The artist’s close relationship to both groom and father-in-law may explain why he chose the wedding as the subject for his only painting of a specific event.

Theodore Robinson 1852–1896, The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York, November 12, 1946–January 5, 1947. [exh. cat.]

Theodore Robinson, American Impressionist, Kennedy Galleries, New York, New York, 1966. [exh. cat.]

19th Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, April 16–September 7, 1970. [exh. cat.]

18th and 19th Century American Art from Private Collections, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York (organizer). Venue: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, New York, June 27–September 11, 1972. [exh. cat.]

Theodore Robinson, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland (organizer). Venues: Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland, May 1–June 10, 1973; Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, Ohio, July 12–August 26, 1973; Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts, September 19–October 28, 1973; Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, Nebraska, November 19–December 23, 1973; Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, New York, January 20–February 24, 1974. [exh. cat.]

Impressionism, A Centenary Exhibition, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, December 1974–February 1975. [exh. cat.]

American Impressionism, Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (organizer). Venues: Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, January 3–March 2, 1980; Frederick S. Wight Gallery, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, March 9–May 4, 1980; Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Illinois, May 16–June 22, 1980; The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Massachusetts, July 1–August 31, 1980. [exh. cat.]

Americans in Brittany and Normandy: 1860–1910, Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona (organizer). Venues: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 24–November 28, 1982; Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas, December 17, 1982–February 6, 1983; Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, March 19–May 1, 1983; National Museum of American Art, Washington, D.C., June 10–August 14, 1983. [exh. cat.]

Masterworks in American Art from the Daniel J. Terra Collection, Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Evanston, Illinois, April 27–September 12, 1985.

A Proud Heritage: Two Centuries of American Art, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, April 21–June 21, 1987. [exh. cat.]

Selections from the Permanent Collection: Americans at Home and Abroad, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, November 6–29, 1987.

An American Revelation: The Daniel J. Terra Collection, Terra Museum of American Art, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, February 28–October 1, 1988.

Bilder aus der Neuer Welt. Amerikanische Malerie des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts (Pictures of the New World. American Paintings of the 18th and 19th Centuries), Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Nationalgalerie, Orangerie des Schlosses, Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany (organizer). Venues: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Nationalgalerie, Orangerie des Schlosses, Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany, November 22, 1988–February 5, 1989; Kunsthaus Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, March 3–May 15, 1989. [exh. cat.]

American Painters in France, 1830–1930, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, June 14–September 3, 1989. [exh. cat.]

From Camera to Canvas: Theodore Robinson's French Photographs and Paintings, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, April 24–July 1, 1990.

Collection Cameo, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, July 1991.

Impressions de toujours: les peintres américains en France, 1865–1915 (Lasting Impressions: American Painters in France, 1865–1915), Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France (organizer). Venue: Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France, June 1–November 1, 1992; April 1–October 31, 1993; April 1–October 30, 1994; April 1–October 31, 1995. [exh. cat.]

American Artists and the French Experience, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, April 12–August 27, 1997.

American Artists and the Paris Experience, 1880–1910, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, November 22, 1997–March 8, 1998.

Giverny: une impression américaine (Giverny, An American Impression), Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France (organizer). Venue: Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France, April 1–November 1, 1998.

Première exposition: les carnets de dessins et les photographies de Theodore Robinson (First Exposure: The Sketchbooks and Photographs of Theodore Robinson), Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, October 14–December 31, 2000 (in modified form). [exh. cat.]

Giverny au fil des saisons (Giverny in All Seasons), Musée d'Art Américain, Giverny, France (organizer). Venue: Musée d'Art Américain, Giverny, France, April 1–November 30, 2001.

D'une colonie à une collection: le Musée d'Art Américain Giverny fête ses dix ans (From a Colony to a Collection: Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the Musée d'Art Américain Giverny), Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France (organizer). Venue: Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France, March 30–June 16, 2002 (on exhibit extended run: March 30–September 13, 2002).

A Place on the Avenue: Terra Museum of American Art Celebrates 15 Years in Chicago, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, November 16, 2002–February 16, 2003 (on exhibit extended run: November 2, 2002–March 2, 2003).

Collection Cameo, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, June 2003.

Copley to Cassatt: Masterworks from the Terra Collection, New Britain Museum of American Art, New Britain, Connecticut and Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: New Britain Museum of American Art, New Britain, Connecticut, September 5–December 7, 2003.

A Narrative of American Art, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venue: Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, February 13–October 31, 2004  (on exhibit partial run: February 13–September 29, 2004).

In Monet's Light: Theodore Robinson at Giverny, Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland (organizer). Venues: Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, Maryland, October 17, 2004–January 9, 2005; Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, Arizona, February 4–May 8, 2005; Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut, June 4–September 4, 2005. [exh. cat.]

Americans in Paris 1860–1900. National Gallery, London, England and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachussetts in association with The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York (organizers). Venues:  National Gallery, London, England, February 22–May 21, 2006; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston,  Massachusetts, June 25–September 24, 2006; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,  New York, October 16, 2006–January  28, 2007. [exh. cat]

Impressionist Giverny: A Colony of Artists, 1885–1915 (Giverny Impressionniste: une colonie d'artistes, 1885–1915), Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France (organizer). Venues: Musée d'Art Américain Giverny, France, April 1–July 1, 2007; San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, CA, July 21–October 14, 2007. [exh. cat.]

Impressionist Giverny: The Americans, 1885-1915, Selections from the Terra Foundation for American Art, Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizer). Venues: Florence Griswold Museum of Art, Old Lyme, Connecticut, May 3–July 27, 2008; Albany Institute of History & Art, Albany, New York, August 23, 2008–January 4, 2009.

"American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765–1915, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York and Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California (organizers). Venues:  The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, New York, October 5, 2009–January 24, 2010; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, February 28–May 23, 2010. [exh. cat.]

Monet and the Artists of Giverny: The Beginning of American Impressionism, The Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan with the Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizers). Venues:  Kitakyushu Municipal Museum of Art, Kitakyushu, Japan,  October 9–November 28, 2010; The Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan, December 7, 2010–February 17, 2011; The Okayama Prefectural Museum of Art, Okayama, Japan,  February 25–April 10, 2011. [exh. cat.]

Art Across America, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas; National Museum of Korea, Seoul, South Korea; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago, Illinois (organizers). Venues: National Museum of Korea, Seoul, February 4– May 12, 2013; Daejeon Museum of Art, Daejeon, South Korea,  June 7–September 1, 2013. [exh. cat.]

American Impressionism: a New Vision, 1880–1900 (L'Impressionnisme et les Américains/Impresionismo Americano (French & Spanish titles), Musée des Impressionnismes Giverny, Giverny, France and the Terra Foundation for American Art, Chicago, Illinois in collaboration with the National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom and the Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizers). Venues: Musée des Impressionnismes Giverny, Giverny, France, March 28–June 29, 2014; Scottish National Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, July 19–October 19, 2014; Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain, November 4, 2014–February 1, 2015. [exh. cat.]

Gallery Installation, Musée de impressionnismes Giverny, France, March 25–November 7, 2016; March 24–November 5, 2017

Pathways to Modernism: American Art, 1865–1945  Art Institute of Chicago and Terra Foundation for American Art (organizers). Venue:  Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China, September 28, 2018–January 6, 2019.   [exh. cat.]

Whistler to Cassatt: American Painters in France, Denver Museum of Fine Arts, Denver (organizer); Venues: Denver Art Museum, November 14, 2021 - March 13, 2022; Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, April 16 - July 31, 2022. [exh. cat.]

    Galleries of American Art with Loans from the Terra Foundation for American Art Collection The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, March 2019–present.

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Three Nineteenth Century American Painters: John Quidor, Eastman Johnson, Theodore Robinson. Brooklyn, New York: The Brooklyn Museum of Art, 1969. Text p. 80, no. 255.

19th-Century American Paintings and Sculpture: An Exhibition in Celebration of the Hundredth Anniversary of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (exh. cat., The Metropolitan Museum of Art). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1970. Ill. no. 187 (black & white).

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