James Abbott McNeill Whistler

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The Zattere: Harmony in Blue and Brown

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1879

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1992.162

Text Entries: Godwin, E. W. "Notes on Current Events." British Architect (February 4, 1881): 59-64. Text. Pan (February 5, 1881). Queen (February 12, 1881). Godwin, E. W. "With Whistler's Critics." British Architect (February 25, 1881): 98–99. Way, T. R. Memories of James McNeill Whistler, the Artist. London, England: John Lane, 1912. Ill. following p. 52. Stebbins, Theodore E., Jr. American Master Drawings & Watercolors. (exh. cat., The American Federation of the Arts). New York: Harper & Row, 1976. Text p. 226; fig. 184, p. 225 (color as The Little Riva, in Opal). MacDonald, Margaret F. Notes, Harmonies & Nocturnes: Small Works by James McNeill Whistler. (exh. cat., M. Knoedler & Company, Inc.). New York: M. Knoedler & Company, Inc., 1984. Ill. no. 81, p. 64 (black & white). Atkinson, D. Scott et al. A Proud Heritage: Two Centuries of American Art. Edited by Terry A. Neff. (exh. cat., Terra Museum of American Art). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 1987. Pl. T-33, p. 142 (color). Getscher, Robert. James Abbott McNeill Whistler: Pastels. New York: G. Braziller, 1991. Text p. 74; ill. p. 75 (color). Dorment, Richard and Margaret F. MacDonald et al. James McNeill Whistler. (exh. cat., Tate Gallery). London, England: Tate Gallery, 1994. Text no. 112, p. 190; ill. no. 112, p. 191 (color). MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 774, pp. 285–86; ill. no. 774, p. 286 (color). MacDonald, Margaret F. "Whistler on Exhibition." The Magazine Antiques 147:6 (June 1995): 864–73. Text p. 869; pl. XI, p. 870 (color). Grieve, Alastair. Whistler's Venice. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 2000. Text p. 76; fig. 78, p. 76 (color). MacDonald, Margaret F. Places in the Night: Whistler in Venice. Hampshire, England: Lund Humphries, 2001. Text pp. 49, 52; ill. no. 55, p. 50 (color). Stratis, Harriet K. and Britt Salvesen, eds. The Broad Spectrum: Studies in the Materials, Techniques, and Conservation of Color on Paper. London, England: Archetype Publications, 2002. Text p. 38; fig. 1.27, p. 38 (color). Bourguignon, Katherine M. and Elizabeth Kennedy. An American Point of View: The Daniel J. Terra Collection. Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 2002. Text pp. 104, 108, 206; ill. pp. 105 (color), 206 (black & white). Bourguignon, Katherine M. and Elizabeth Kennedy. Un regard transatlantique. La collection d'art américain de Daniel J. Terra. Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 2002. Text pp. 104, 108, 206; ill. pp. 105 (color), 206 (black & white). Hofelt, Miranda. The Zattere: Harmony in Blue and Brown, James McNeill Whistler. Collection Cameo sheet, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, July 2003. Ill. (color). Harris, Neil et al. L'art américain: Identités d'une nation. Edited by Veerle Thielemans et Matthias Waschek. Giverny: Musée d'Art Américain Giverny; Paris: Musée du Louvre, 2005. Text p. 95; ill. p. 97 (color). Cleveland, David A. A History of American Tonalism: 1880–1920. Manchester, Vermont: Hudson Hills Press, 2010. Text, p. 140; ill. fig. 3.68, p. 140 (color). Bourguignon, Katherine M., and Peter John Brownlee, eds. Conversations with the Collection: A Terra Foundation Collection Handbook. Chicago: Terra Foundation for American Art, 2018. Text p. 128; ill. p. 128 (color).

Gay Paget in the Garden of Wortley Hall, Yorkshire

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1881

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1994.9

Text Entries: Art in Prints 7. New York: Kennedy Galleries, May 1970. Ill. p. 25 (as Gay Padgett later Duchess of Plymouth). MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 854, pp. 321–22; ill. no. 854, p. 322 (black & white).

Beach Scene with Rocks

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: 1881

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1992.144

A Brittany Shop with Shuttered Windows

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1893

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1992.146

Text Entries: Atkinson, D. Scott et al. A Proud Heritage: Two Centuries of American Art. Edited by Terry A. Neff. (exh. cat., Terra Museum of American Art). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 1987. Pl. T-40, p. 149 (color). Dorment, Richard and Margaret F. MacDonald et al. James McNeill Whistler. (exh. cat., Tate Gallery). London, England: Tate Gallery, 1994. Text no. 160, pp. 240–41; ill. no. 160, p. 240 (color). MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 1365, p. 491; ill. no. 1365, p. 491 (color). Regard sur cinq années d'expositions (Five years of Exhibitions at a Glance). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 1997. Text p. 77; ill. p. 76 (color). Tedeschi, Martha and Britt Salvesen. "Songs on Stone: James McNeill Whistler and the Art of Lithography." Museum Studies 24:1 (1998): 4–135. Text pp. 79, 83 (checklist); fig. 104, p. 78 (color).

Blue Girl

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1894

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1999.146a

Text Entries: James McNeill Whistler employed pastel drawings to different effects during his career. In his early years as a painter, his pastel sketches of young women in classical garments were studies for his oil paintings. Executed in 1879-1880, his pastels of Venetian city scenes were produced as independent works of art that received critical acclaim and commercial success. Returning to figural sketches in the 1890s, Whistler drew pastel confections of nubile girls depicted nude or draped in gossamer robes that were conceived of as autonomous works of art. Whistler's pastels incorporated the brown paper support as the major value while the pastels-fabricated chalk bright friable sticks of pigment-were used as light and color. Whistler modified textures and colors by scraping the side of the pastel across the grain (known as scumbling) and rubbing it. Just as in his oil paintings, Whistler would, at times, completely scrape off the colored pigment to begin again-note the faint impression of a previous drawing of a sitting figure in Reclining Nude.

Woman Holding a Fan

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1894

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1999.146b

Text Entries: MacDonald, Margaret F. Notes, Harmonies & Nocturnes: Small Works by James McNeill Whistler. (exh. cat., M. Knoedler & Company, Inc.). New York: M. Knoedler & Company, Inc., 1984. Text nos. 42, 42A, p. 43; ill. no. 42A, p. 43. (black & white). MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 1223, p. 442; ill. no. 1223v, p. 442 (black & white).

Maud on a Stairway

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: 1884–85

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1999.150

Text Entries: Whistler's Muses The women in James McNeill Whistler's life were often his subjects. His most famous work of art is the portrait of his mother. Whistler's favorite models were also often his mistresses. Around 1870, Maud Franklin replaced long-term companion Joanna Hiffernan, who is immortalized in Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl, 1862 (Washington D. C., National Gallery of Art). Beatrice (or Trixie) Godwin, the widow of a friend, married Whistler in 1888. A devoted couple, the artist was bereft when she died in 1896. Known for a violent temper and her English appearance, Maud Franklin was intelligent and sophisticated, but highly independent and very jealous although devoted to Whistler. Calling herself Mrs. Whistler, she lived with the artist for approximately fifteen years becoming his business manager, agent, housekeeper, cook, and adviser. Depictions of Franklin appear in all Whistler's media and hint at her sustained role as his muse. While her fashionable attire is carefully portrayed in Maud, Standing and Maud on a Stairway, it is her pose in both that commands our interest. Dynamic color and expressive brushwork dominate in Note in Red: The Siesta where Franklin is shown resting-her strong personality subdued in a decorative pattern.

Spring

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: c. 1893

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1996.91

Text Entries: Pyne, Kathleen. "Classical Figures, A Folding Screen by Thomas Dewing." Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts 59.1 (Spring 1981): 6, 7. Text pp. 6, 7. Sotheby's New York, New York (September 14, 1995): lot 121. Text lot 121; ill. cover, lot 121. MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 1397, p. 507; ill. no. 1397, p. 506 (color). Tedeschi, Martha and Britt Salvesen. "Songs on Stone: James McNeill Whistler and the Art of Lithography." Museum Studies 24:1 (1998): 4–135. Text p. 75 (checklist); fig. 89, p. 69 (color). Cartwright, Derrick R. The Extraordinary and the Everyday: American Perspectives, 1820–1920. (exh. cat., Musée d'Art Américain Giverny). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 2001. Text p. 24 (checklist); ill. p. 44 (color). Cartwright, Derrick R. L'Héroïque et le quotidian: les artistes américains, 1820–1920. (exh. cat., Musée d'Art Américain Giverny). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 2001. Text p. 24 (checklist); ill. p. 44 (color).

Flower Shop, Dieppe

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: 1897 or 1899

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1994.2

Text Entries: Pennell, Elizabeth Robins and Joseph Pennell. The Life of James McNeill Whistler. 5th ed., rev. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1911. Ill. facing p. 364 (as Shop Window at Dieppe). Christie's New York, New York (November 12, 1985): 15. Ill. p. 15. MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 1514, pp. 543–44; ill. no. 1514, p. 544 (color). Regard sur cinq années d'expositions (Five years of Exhibitions at a Glance). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 1997. Text p. 77; ill. p. 76 (color).

Grey and Silver: The Golf Links, Dublin

James Abbott McNeill Whistler

Date: 1900

Credit Line: Terra Foundation for American Art, Daniel J. Terra Collection

Object number: 1999.147

Text Entries: Cary, Elisabeth L. The Works of James McNeill Whistler: A Study, With a Tentative List of Artist's Works. New York: Moffat, Yard & Company, 1907. Ill. facing p. 144. Works by Whistler Lent by Mr. Richard Canfield. (exh. cat., Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery). Buffalo, New York: Albright Art Gallery, 1911. Ill. no. 9. MacDonald, Margaret F. Notes, Harmonies & Nocturnes: Small Works by James McNeill Whistler. (exh. cat., M. Knoedler & Company, Inc.). New York: M. Knoedler & Company, Inc., 1984. No. 137, p. 93 (black & white). Atkinson, D. Scott et al. A Proud Heritage: Two Centuries of American Art. Edited by Terry A. Neff. (exh. cat., Terra Museum of American Art). Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for the Arts, 1987. Pl. T-44, p. 153 (color). MacDonald, Margaret F. James McNeill Whistler: Drawings, Pastels, and Watercolours; A Catalogue Raisonné. New Haven, Connecticut and London, England: Yale University Press, 1995. Text no. 1620, pp. 582–83; ill. no. 1620, p. 582 (color). Grey and Silver: The Golf Links, Dublin, James Abbott McNeill Whistler. Collection Cameo sheet, Terra Museum of American Art, Chicago, Illinois, July 1999. Ill. (black & white). The Art Of Golf. (exh. cat., High Museum of Art). Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 2012. Text, p. 62; ill. plate 26, p. 62 (color).